Brave New World-Allusions

1. Ford Henry Ford (1863-1947) revolutionized the automobile industry with the assembly line method of production, which proved very successful for 15 million Model Ts were sold. Humans were similarly produced in the Brave New World where the embryos passed along a conveyor belt while a worker or machine would have a specific task dealing with the specimen. Again, this assembly line method proved very successful.

2. Lenina Vladmir Lenin (1870-1924) founded the communist party in Russia and the world's first communist dictatorship.

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He believed in Karl Marx's theories that government is affected by underlying economic forces. Lenin's dictatorship resembles that of Mustapha Mond for both of them controlled their people for the nation to prosper.

3. Malthusian Drill Thomas Robert Malthus (1776-1834), in his 'Essay on the Principle of Population', stated that wars and disease would have to kill off the population because it grows faster than the food supply unless people could limit their number of children. The Malthusian Drill in the Brave New World was what women had to go through to prevent births (e. g. ontraceptives and medications).

4. Benito Benito Mussolini (1833-1945) was a dictator who found fascism and ruled for twenty-one years. He tried to build Italy into a great empire but it was left occupied by armies of other nations. ?Dictator-like' people who were looked up to in the eyes of the public controlled the Brave New World.

5. Hoover J. Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) served as the director of the FBI for 48 years and built it into the world's most outstanding law enforcement agency. During his time, the largest finger print file was established. However, in 1975, Hoover was accused of abusing his power.

What he established can be related in the Brave New World. All citizens therein were, in a way, secured tightly with their full profiles known to the authorities.

6. Morgana Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) was an American Anthropologist who founded the science of kinship systems. He was famous for his theory of social evolution, which was the belief that people pass through three stages of development:
1. Savagery, 2. Barbarism, 3. Civilization. The different people in the book were also split up into separate stages, two to be in fact: savagery and civilization.

The 'civilized' were in the BNW and everyone else was a savage.

7. Trotsky Leon Trotsky (1879-1940) was the leader of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia. When Lenin lived, he was the second most powerful man in the nation. He lost leadership to Stalin and was murdered by Stalin's men in Mexico. Just like the world controllers in the Brave New World, Trotsky believed that everyone must fulfill their duty toward the nation so the nation could prosper. In the BNW, the society would not function if the citizens didn't do their roles.

8. Darwin Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a British naturalist who became famous for his theories in evolution. He believed all species evolved form a common ancestor and that evolution happened through a process called natural selection, which meant survival of the fittest. In the BNW, the different castes of people were made from a common ancestor (a single individual). Thus, creating hundreds of his or her clones. Since the directors believed in survival of the fittest, they made the best kind of people so that they may live long in a specific environment.

9. Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) crowned himself emperor of France. He was a greatest military genius of his time and perhaps the general in history. Napoleon was an excellent administrator and introduced several reforms, which created a strong central government. In the BNW, a small powerful centralized government was established with many rules and laws all controlled under an elite individual.

10. Helmholtz Herman Ludwig Ferdinand Von Helmholtz (1821-1894) was German physicist who helped establish the law of the conservation of energy. In the BNW, onservation of energy was looked up upon. Even the phosphorus from dead bodies was collected to make use of.

11. Watson John Broadus Watson (1878-1958) was an American psychologist who became the leader of a revolutionary movement called behaviorism. He studied innate behaviors and experimented on it. The people, in the BNW, had their behaviors controlled through experiments from when they were small. Without his theories, Huxley couldn't have completed his novel.

12. Marx Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher, social scientist, and a revolutionary professional.

Above all, however, he was the chief founder of Democratic Socialism and Revolutionary Communism. He was also famous for writing the Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. He wrote with Engles. Marx's communism government structure was practiced in the 'civilized world'. Caste systems were present, everyone worked for the nation's sake, and an elite controlled the whole civilization.

13. Engles Fredrich Engles (1820-1895) was a German social scientist, journalist, and professional revolutionary. He was chiefly known for his close collaboration with Marx.

He helped Marx with ideas on economics and with his writings. His communist beliefs took effect in the BNW in the concept that everyone is enslaved to the civilization and that there is complete equality in each caste.

14. Noble Savage The Noble Savage was the concept of a superior primitive man uncorrupted by civilization who lives under just and reasonable laws. In the book, John Savage was an unfettered individual free of the evils of civilization. Unlike others, he controls himself and symbolized the perfect human. In addition, he has a religious life where he believes in and worships a deity.

15. 'Ford's in his Flivver, All's right in the world' 'God's in his heaven, All's right in the world' Robert Browning (1812-1889) 'Riper Passes' [1841] Huxley, by replacing God with ford and heaven with Flivver, is indicating that the people in the BNW now look up to Ford as the Supreme Being. Flivver means car and in this case refers to the Model T that is analogized with heaven.

16. 'O Brave New World' 'O Brave New World That has such people in't' William Shakespeare The Tempest This is the quote by Miranda in the 'Tempest' when she refers to the people that actually are her enemies.

Similarly, John Savage calls the 'civilized world' he is about to enter as the 'Brave New World'. However, he doesn't know the true reality of the civilized world. John would soon learn to hate it.

17. Soma Soma is an intoxicating drink brewed and drunk by Hindu priests in ancient times. It was fabled and brought from heaven and was personified as a god. In addition, it was the most important of Vedic deities. However, in later mythologies, the soma drink represented the moon, which was gradually drunk up by their gods and then refilled again (waxing and waning of the moon). To drink the soma' was an expression to be immortal but in the BNW, it was used as a relief agent against depression or miseries. Although in both cases it was a euphoric medicine, soma wasn't intoxicating in the BNW.

18. Mustapha Mustapha Kamal, known as Ataturk (father of the Turks), was the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey. HE adopted many reforms, which completely altered the Ottoman system of governing. He was, originally, a military general who fought off the allies in World War I.

Mustapha Mond, in the BNW, was one of the greatest or most important people. In addition to being one of the world controllers, he also had the knowledge of previous civilizations and that the people in his world are enslaved. He rules, similar to Ataturk, as a dictator.

19. Mond Ludwig Mond from Germany was the founder of a British chemical industry and the discoverer of many important chemical processes. Chemical processes was what embryos went through to become people well-adapted to their environment. Without deep study into chemistry, the Brave New World wouldn't have existed.



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